A dedicated team of experts including Sindhi professors and scholars from India, along with officials of the Indian institute of Sindhology, Adipur, Kutch, eighty-six year old Singapore based Arjan Daswani who is the chief coordinator of the project for Romanized Sindhi and Col (retd) Ram Gulrajani from Chennai, a veteran of three wars have played a major role in finalizing the project of Romanized Sindhi script informed Devendra Kodwani, one of the active members of the project and professor, MBA programme at Business School of Open University, London, while talking to TOI on Sunday. In India, Sindhi schools teaching the language in Devanagari script are gradually converting to English, as teaching Sindhi in the latter script was not viable for the global Sindhi community. Occasionally, the Hindus residing in the Indian States of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan use the Devnagari alphabet for the Punjabi language.AMRITSAR: Launching of Romanized Sindhi script is likely to bring new hope for the revival of Sindhi language and script among the globally scattered Sindhi community since there are minimal facilities to teach Sindhi across the world. In the later years, the Sikh Gurus developed the Gurmukhi script based on Standard Punjabi. The Punjabi Muslim Sufi poets Bulleh Shah and Shah Hussain developed the Shahmukhi script with Persian vocabulary using this dialect. Majhi or Standard Punjabi is the largest and the most widespread dialect of the Punjabi language. In Pakistan, the principal dialects include Majhi or Standard Punjabi, Multani, Hindko, Lahndi, and Pothohari, which are influenced by the regional Sindhi, Arabic, Persian, and Central Asian languages. In India, the major dialects of the Punjabi language include Doabi, Majhi, Malawi, and Powadhi that are strongly influenced by the regional Hindi/Sanskrit languages. Currently, Punjabi is Canada’s 4 th most spoken language and the 3 rd most spoken language in the United Kingdom. The Punjabi language is also widely spoken by the Punjabi diaspora spread worldwide, such as in Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. In Pakistan, about 80.05 million people speak the Punjabi language, and it is considered the provincial language of Pakistan’s Punjab province. In India, the language is mainly spoken in the major cities of Amritsar, Ambala, Jalandhar, Patiala, Hoshiarpur, Chandigarh, Bathinda, and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Punjabi is also considered to be an additional official language in the states of Delhi and Haryana. With the Muslim conquests of the Indian Subcontinent, many Arabic and Persian words became incorporated into the Punjabi language.Īt present, Punjabi is India’s 11 th most widely spoken language as well as the official language of the Indian State of Punjab and is spoken by about 31.14 million people. Guru Arjan Dev – the 5 th Sikh Guru, compiled the “Adi Granth” or the first volume of the holy Guru Granth Sahib in the language’s Gurmukhi script. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, made it a “sacred language.” His successor Guru Angad further enriched the Punjabi language by developing its Gurmukhi script. The earliest writings in the Punjabi language belong to the Nath Yogi period, dating from the 9 th to 14 th century AD. Punjabi is also thought to have originated from the Paishachi Prakrit language, widely spoken in India’s northern and north-western parts. It is believed that the Punjabi language originated as an ‘Apabhramsa’ form of the Prakrit language in the 7 th century and became established by the 10 th century. Therefore, the name Punjab means “the land of five rivers” and refers to the five major tributaries of River Indus, including the Ravi, Jhelum, Chenab, Beas, and Sutlej that flows through the Punjab region. The word Punjabi has been derived from the Persian words ‘Punj’ and ‘ab’, where ‘Punj’ means five and ‘ab’ means water.
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